two aspects. First, ferroptosis can lead to the death of leukocyte subsets and the corresponding loss of immune function.For instance, LPO-induced ferroptosis in T cells can promote
viral or parasitic infections [50]. Second, and more importantly, when ferroptosis affects nonleukocytes, it determineshow the immune system handles dying cells or the corpsesgenerated. Different types of cell death can lead to variousimmune and inflammatory responses by releasing and activating different DAMP signals. Generally, ferroptosis is aninflammatory form of cell death associated with the releaseof DAMPs, such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) andDNA or lipid oxidation products, such as 4-hydroxynonenal(4-HNE), oxPLs, LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and PGE2 during tissuedamage or tumor treatment. For example, the LPO product4-HNE is a proinflammatory mediator in ageing and chronicdiseases that can activate the NF-κB pathway [51]. HMGB1,
a typical DAMP involved in various types of cell death [52],is released by Fe-deposited cells and subsequently triggers aninflammatory response in peripheral macrophages by activatingthe receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGER/RAGE),a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that activates the NF-κBpathway in innate immunity [53]. Targeting lipid metabolismrelated DAMP signal transduction may be a promising strategy
for treating inflammatory diseases associated with Fe-relateddamage.

感謝 中南大學湘雅二醫(yī)院泌尿外科，湖南長沙，中國 2 中南大學基礎醫(yī)學院系統(tǒng)生物學與數(shù)據(jù)科學中心，湖南長沙，中國 3 中南大學湘雅醫(yī)院，湖南長沙，中國 4 國家代謝性疾病臨床研究中心，糖尿病免疫學重點實驗室（中南大學）引用文獻！